Optimal Economic–Environmental Operation of BESS in AC Distribution Systems: A Convex Multi-Objective Formulation

This paper deals with the multi-objective operation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in AC distribution using a convex reformulation. The objective functions are CO2 emissions, and costs daily losses considered. conventional non-linear nonconvex branch multi-period optimal power flow model is reformulated second-order cone programming (SOCP) model, which ensures finding global optimum for each point present Pareto front. weighting factors methodology used to convert into single-objective allows front an iterative search. Two operational scenarios regarding BESS considered: (i) unity factor (ii) variable operation. numerical results demonstrate that including reactive capabilities reduces 200 kg emissions USD 80 per day All validations were developed MATLAB 2020b CVX tool SEDUMI SDPT3 solvers.